Magnesium is in nearly all foods. Signs of deficiency may include:. Taking too much magnesium can cause diarrhea. This is the most common side effect. It can also cause:. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should talk to their healthcare providers before taking any supplements. Magnesium is used in many antacid forms. These can cause diarrhea. Taking magnesium with food may help prevent this side effect. Tell your healthcare provider about all medicines you take before you take magnesium.
Search Encyclopedia. Magnesium Other name s : magnesium carbonate, magnesium citrate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfate General description Magnesium is an essential mineral. Magnesium is needed for many functions in the body. These include: Activating enzymes that help break down carbohydrates Nerve conduction Helping control nerve irritability Magnesium helps bone and tooth enamel form.
Medically valid uses Magnesium is used as a laxative. It's used in some treatments for heartburn and upset stomach due to acid indigestion Magnesium is also used to prevent and treat low magnesium levels. However, as with some other types of magnesium, it may cause digestive side effects. Magnesium sulfate is the form of magnesium in Epsom salts.
Many people add Epsom salts to baths and foot soaks to soothe aching muscles. However, there is little high quality evidence showing that the body can absorb much magnesium from magnesium sulfate baths.
Several types of magnesium can help treat constipation, such as magnesium citrate. Other types may have utility as medical treatments. Doctors may use magnesium oxide to treat constipation or as an antacid for heartburn or indigestion. Magnesium oxide is also present in some dietary supplements. However, the body does not absorb this form of magnesium well, according to a analysis.
This type of magnesium is a compound of magnesium and taurine. Limited evidence suggests it may have the potential to lower blood pressure and protect the cardiovascular system. Authors of a animal study report that magnesium taurate reduced high blood pressure and heart damage in rats that had taken a toxic substance.
The researchers conclude that this shows the potential of magnesium taurate as a cardioprotective nutritional supplement. However, until more research takes place, people should not use magnesium supplements as treatments for cardiovascular conditions.
The recommended dietary allowance RDA of magnesium is — milligrams mg for adult males and — mg for adult females. People can determine whether they need help getting more magnesium by asking a doctor to test their magnesium levels.
Magnesium plays a crucial role in the body, regulating blood pressure, blood sugar levels , neurotransmitters , and more. For those who do not get enough magnesium, taking more may :.
There is also some evidence magnesium may be useful as part of a treatment plan for the following conditions:. A person should consult a doctor before taking any supplement for an underlying health condition. Learn about magnesium supplements for anxiety here. People can get more magnesium from their food. If you are taking a magnesium supplement, any missed doses should be taken as soon as you remember—if it is already time for the next dose, then the missed dose should be skipped.
Doses should not be doubled up. Though magnesium oxide provides a host of health benefits, too much magnesium in the blood can cause serious side effects.
Anyone who thinks they have low magnesium levels should talk to their healthcare provider. The most common symptoms of deficiency are muscle cramping, fatigue, depression, and irritability. Magnesium oxide supplements are available over-the-counter OTC without a prescription. Your healthcare provider or pharmacist can advise you on which brand might be a good fit for your unique situation and overall health. Before picking up a magnesium supplement, it is a good idea to have your magnesium levels checked by a healthcare provider.
There is no way to know if any symptoms you might be experiencing are related to a magnesium deficiency, another deficiency, or an illness. You should always disclose all health conditions and medications to avoid interactions and adverse reactions. Getting enough magnesium is important for good health. Without it, the body cannot function. Magnesium can be ingested by eating foods rich with magnesium such as salmon, quinoa, and black beans.
Although your daily dose of magnesium is crucial, consuming magnesium in excessive quantities can be detrimental to your health. Be sure to consult with a healthcare provider if you have symptoms of magnesium deficiencies or if you are considering taking a magnesium supplement.
Magnesium oxide is a type of magnesium that also contains oxygen. Other forms of magnesium supplements include:. Magnesium oxide is primarily used to treat magnesium deficiency. Signs of magnesium deficiency include:. Typically, yes, it is safe to take magnesium oxide daily. However, you should check with your doctor before taking any supplement on a long-term basis. The best way to get magnesium is through diet and eating a variety of magnesium-rich foods, such as salmon and mackerel, quinoa, black beans, pumpkin seeds, and dark chocolate.
Supplements are an option for maintaining magnesium levels in people whose magnesium levels remain low despite diet changes. Anyone who thinks their magnesium is low should talk to their healthcare provider before starting a magnesium supplement.
Sign up for our Health Tip of the Day newsletter, and receive daily tips that will help you live your healthiest life. Magnesium Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. Updated October 11, Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology. Tarleton EK, Littenberg B. Magnesium intake and depression in adults. J Am Board Fam Med. Dietary magnesium intake and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis of prospective studies.
Study of magnesium bioavailability from ten organic and inorganic Mg salts in Mg-depleted rats using a stable isotope approach. Magnes Res. Higher bioavailability of magnesium citrate as compared to magnesium oxide shown by evaluation of urinary excretion and serum levels after single-dose administration in a randomized cross-over study.
BMC Nutr. Effects of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials. Download references. Schutten, Charlotte A.
Keyzer, Martin H. Magnesium Health Institute, Groningen, the Netherlands. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. JCS wrote the study protocol and will conduct the subject recruitment, data collection and analysis. JCS also wrote this manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. All procedures will be conducted in accordance with the ethical standards for human subject research set forth in the Declaration of Helsinki.
Written informed consent will be obtained from all subjects included in this trial. Personal information about potential and enrolled participants will be maintained in a database in order to protect subjects confidentially.
Investigators will communicate trials results to participants, healthcare professionals and other relevant groups via publication. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Reprints and Permissions. Schutten, J. Effects of magnesium citrate, magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate supplementation on arterial stiffness in healthy overweight individuals: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
Trials 20, Download citation. Received : 28 December Accepted : 08 May Published : 28 May Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.
Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content. Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Schutten 1 , Peter J. Joris 2 , Ronald P. Mensink 2 , Richard M. Danel 3 , Frans Goorman 4 , M. Rebecca Heiner-Fokkema 5 , Rinse K. Weersma 6 , Charlotte A.
Keyzer 1 , Martin H. Abstract Background Arterial stiffness is closely related to the process of atherosclerosis, an independent cardiovascular risk factor, and predictive of future cardiovascular events and mortality.
Methods In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, a total of healthy overweight and slightly obese men and women will be recruited. Discussion The present study is expected to provide evidence for the effects of different available magnesium formulations organic and inorganic on well-established cardiovascular risk markers, including arterial stiffness and blood pressure, as well as on the human gut microbiota.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials. Background Magnesium is an essential mineral that acts as a cofactor in hundreds of enzymatic reactions in the human body. Full size image. Flow chart of the study design. Discussion The current study aims to replicate the effect of magnesium citrate on arterial stiffness that we found in our previous study [ 9 ], now with a slightly higher dose and to evaluate whether magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate are noninferior to the effect of magnesium citrate in terms of arterial stiffness.
Trial status The trial is ongoing. Availability of data and materials Not applicable. References 1. Article Google Scholar 7. Article Google Scholar 9. Article Google Scholar Acknowledgements We acknowledge the careful reading and editing of the manuscript by Josie L. Danel Nedmag B. Schutten View author publications. View author publications. Ethics declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate All procedures will be conducted in accordance with the ethical standards for human subject research set forth in the Declaration of Helsinki.
Consent for publication Not applicable.
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