Country Reference Index.. Author Index. How to treat dehydration.. Treatment Plans. Save 1 million a year.. How ORT works.. What the Experts say.. A Solution for survival.. The Salts of life.. ORT Achievements and Challenges.. The drink that saved my daughters life. Home made.. Breastfeeding News.. Facts for Feeding.. Breastfeeding FAQ.. Breastfeeding and HIV. Treat Your Child's Diarrhoea at Home.. Frequently Asked Questions.. Rice-Based ORS..
Rotavirus Vaccines.. Global deaths by Rotavirus. Zinc Supplementation. Hygiene, hand-washing, clean water. Water harvesting, disinfection, storage. Expanded Links.. Slide Shows.. Selling Survival.. Combata la diarrea.. ORT Success Stories. Another child will die in the time About Children.. About Children at risk.. In addition, the possibilities of scaling-up IVT use during large outbreaks of diseases — such as cholera epidemics — were limited.
In the late s Cash and Nalin conducted a number of small clinical trials during cholera epidemics in the region, which showed the promise of ORT. Pressed by the disastrous circumstances, Dr Dilip Mahalanabis decided to start providing bags of salt and sugar dissolved in water to the people in the camp.
This success was a major stepping stone for wider adoption of ORT. While ORT is a simple, low-tech solution for the treatment of diarrhea — a major public health issue — it took many years for its use to be accepted. There are many reasons why the uptake and recognition of ORT by richer countries was slow. Western doctors were skeptical of adopting treatments tested in developing countries and considered these to be of a lower standard.
And, even today, ORT treatment seems counterintuitive, because, while it reduces the likelihood of death and speeds up recovery, it does not actually prevent or stop diarrhea. How many lives has ORT saved? The exact number is in some ways impossible to know because many other interventions and treatments have contributed to the decreasing number of deaths from diarrheal diseases.
However, the incredible decline in deaths from diarrheal diseases in children in the last two decades of the 20th century from around 4. A number of researchers have suggested that the dramatic decline was not just a coincidence but directly caused by the increased ORT use.
Whatever the exact number of lives saved is, it would not be an overstatement to say that many adults would not be alive today if not for the discovery of ORT.
But ORT can still do more. ORT was first introduced worldwide in the s to treat millions of children suffering from severe dehydration in crisis-stricken and impoverished areas. The science of this success is simple: ORT combines three ingredients -- salts, sugars and water -- to quickly reverse the signs of dehydration.
Through the process of osmosis, the salts and sugars pull water into your bloodstream and speed up rehydration. ORT also replenishes your blood with essential electrolytes minerals that are lost due to intense exercise, exposure to extreme weather conditions, or diarrhea and other illnesses. Athletes; people with illnesses, especially babies and toddlers; seniors; military personnel stationed in extreme climates; air travelers who lose electrolytes every time they fly: They all stand to dramatically improve their health and well-being with ORT.
The short answer is that sports drinks have lower sodium and more sugar, which reduces their ability to deliver key electrolytes and increases calories. This review describes our efforts to establish the incorporation of a fermentable or resistant starch into ORS based on 1 the delivery of such a fermentable starch to the colon where fermentation to SCFA occurs, and 2 SCFA stimulation of colonic Na absorption via a cyclic AMP-independent mechanism.
Ian Brown has received support for travel to meetings from Clover Corporation Limited. This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors. This article is part of the Topical Collection on Small Intestine. Henry J. Binder, Email: ude. Ian Brown, Email: ua. Ramakrishna, Email: ni. Graeme P. Young, Email: ua. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U.
Current Gastroenterology Reports. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. Published online Feb Binder , 1 Ian Brown , 2 B. Ramakrishna , 3 and Graeme P. Young 2. Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Corresponding author. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author s and the source are credited.
This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract Oral rehydration solution ORS was established as the cornerstone of therapy for dehydration secondary to acute infectious diarrhea approximately 40 years ago. Development of ORS Three unrelated events during a year period in s and s led to the development and employment of ORS in the treatment of acute diarrhea.
Open in a separate window. Modifications of WHO-ORS Despite the great success of ORS in the treatment of acute infectious diarrhea over the ensuing quarter century, there have been several major efforts to modify the composition of ORS with the goal to improve its efficacy as demonstrated in clinical trials to reduce diarrhea i.
Conclusions Oral rehydration therapy ORT has been developed over the past 40 years and has been established as the standard of therapy for the treatment of the dehydration and metabolic acidosis associated with acute diarrhea. Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.
Contributor Information Henry J. Effect of intragastric glucose-electrolyte infusion upon water and electrolyte balance in Asiatic cholera. Decrease in net stool output in cholera during intestinal perfusion with glucose containing solutions. N Engl J Med. Series E. Water with sugar and salt. Coupled transport of sodium and organic solutes.
Physiol Rev. Schultz, SG, Zalusky, R. Ion transport in isolated rabbit ileum. The interaction between active sodium and active sugar transport. J Gen Physiol. Description of glucose-stimulation of Na absorption—the physiological basis of ORS. Biology of human sodium glucose transporters. Field M. Effect of cholera enterotoxin on ion transport across isolated ileal mucosa. J Clin Invest. Intestinal ion transport and the pathophysiology of diarrhea.
Intestinal electrolyte transport and diarrheal disease. Oral rehydration solution in the year pathophysiology, efficacy and effectiveness. Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol. Oral fluid therapy of cholera among Bangladesh refuses. Johns Hopkins Med J. Water with Sugar and Salt Lancet. Efficacy and safety of glycine fortified oral rehydration solution in the treatment of acute diarrhea in children.
Indian J Med Res. Sucrose electrolyte solution for oral rehydration in diarrhea.
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